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世聯(lián)翻譯公司完成畜牧業(yè)中文翻譯
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世聯(lián)翻譯公司完成畜牧業(yè)中文翻譯
Zinpro is known around the world for its expertise in overall bovine and swine foot health. With the growing emphasis on proper animal handling and management, Zinpro offers the proven-products and industry-leading tools for preventing, managing and treating bovine and swine lameness. Effective lameness management helps improve welfare and enhance overall animal performance. 金寶公司憑借其在牛蹄和豬蹄健康方面的專業(yè)技術聞名于世。隨著人們對正確動物治療和管理越來越重視，金寶公司可提供經(jīng)過驗證的產(chǎn)品和行業(yè)領先的工具，用于預防、管理和治療牛和豬的跛行。高效的跛行管理有助于改善動物福利和提高動物總的生產(chǎn)性能。 Dairy Lameness | Beef Lameness| Swine Lamenness奶牛跛行|肉牛跛行|豬跛行 Lameness Prevention Programs From Zinpro 金寶公司的跛行預防程序 First Step: Dairy Lameness Prevention
First Step：奶牛跛行的預防
The First Step Lameness Assessment and Prevention system, from Zinpro, provides the industry’s most comprehensive assessment of overall lameness risk factors on a dairy. Learn more about the First Step program and our industry-leading dairy lameness management and prevention tools and resources.
Learn More
金寶公司 First Step跛行評估與預防系統(tǒng)，可為行業(yè)提供最全面的奶牛總體跛行風險因素的評估。了解更多關于First Step項目和我們行業(yè)領先的奶牛跛行管理與預防工具與資源
了解更多Feet First: Sow Lameness Prevention Feet First：母豬跛行的預防
Significant production losses caused by lameness may be preventable when proactive steps are taken. The Feet First program, spear-headed by Zinpro, is designed to help fill the information gap. Learn more about the Feet First program and our industry-leading sow lameness management and prevention tools and resources.
Learn More如果積極采取措施，可以避免跛行導致的顯著生產(chǎn)損失。金寶公司率先發(fā)起的Feet First 項目，旨在幫助填補奶牛跛行的信息空白。了解更多關于Feed First項目和我們行業(yè)領先的母豬跛行管理與預防工具與資源。
了解更多http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy Has translated in the file- dairy (second & 3rd pages translation)
http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/locomotion-scoring
http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/locomotion-scoring
Locomotion Scoring of Dairy Cattle 奶牛行走移動評分
Locomotion scoring is based on the observation of cows standing and walking (gait), with special emphasis on their back posture. This system is intuitive and easy to use and implement.
Use of locomotion scoring is effective for early detection of claw (hoof) disorders, monitoring prevalence of lameness, comparing the incidence and severity of lameness between herds and identifying individual cows for functional claw (hoof) trimming.
行走移動評分以觀察奶牛站立和行走（步態(tài)）為基礎，著重觀察奶牛背部姿勢。該系統(tǒng)直觀且易于使用和實施。
行走移動評分在檢查蹄趾（蹄部）病變，檢測跛行發(fā)生率、比較不同牛群之間跛行的發(fā)生率和嚴重程度，以及鑒定個別奶牛進行功能性修蹄方面非常有效。We skip the part from “Dairy Cattle Locomotion Scores and Descriptions” to “Trimming should be done by a competent hoof trimmer with the goal of returning the claws to functional weight bearing and conformation.”
Factors Influencing Lameness Incidence
影響跛行發(fā)生率的因素
Lameness is a multifactorial disease. The following management factors will influence the incidence of lameness
跛行是一種多種因素共同作用的疾病，下列幾方面管理因素會影響跛行的發(fā)生率：
Cow Comfort
• Avoid overcrowding
•Provide properly designed and maintained stalls
•Minimize heat stress
•Flooring should provide good traction, but minimal wear
奶牛舒適度
1 避免過度擁擠；
2 提供正確設計且運行良好的牛舍；
3 最大限度降低熱應激；
4 地面應能提供良好的摩擦力，但應最大限度降低蹄部磨損。Claw Care
•Practice maintenance trimming (2X/year)
•Provide therapeutic trimming
•Properly maintain and administer foot baths
•Maintain a clean and dry environment
蹄趾護理
1 進行維護性修蹄（每年兩次）；
2 進行治療性修蹄；
3 正確維護和管理蹄浴池；
4 保持環(huán)境清潔干燥。Transition
•Minimize abrupt ration changes to reduce rumen upsets
•Strive to maximize animal health
運輸
1 最大限度減少突然改變?nèi)占Z已降低對瘤胃的應激；
2 努力提高奶牛健康狀況。Nutrition
•Provide nutritionally balanced diets
•Provide properly mixed and delivered rations
•Formulate rations to minimize sorting
•Feed diets with proper micronutrient fortification
•Feed trace minerals from Zinpro Performance Minerals® sources for improved claw integrity營養(yǎng)
1 提供營養(yǎng)均衡的日糧；
2 提供正確混合并運輸?shù)娜占Z；
3 配制日糧以最大限度降低分層；
4 飼喂用正確微量營養(yǎng)素強化的日糧；
5 飼喂金寶高效能礦物質(zhì)®的微量元素以提高蹄趾完整性。http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/lesion-identification
http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/lesion-identification
Dairy Claw Lesion Identification 奶牛蹄趾病變診斷
The Dairy Claw Lesion Identification Poster was developed through a combined effort by Zinpro Corporation, and the International Lameness Committee. It represents the first global consensus for claw lesion identification, naming convention and record keeping practices. By adopting consistent terminology throughout the world, both the prevalence and economic impact of various lesions will be easier to track and assess. 奶牛蹄趾病變診斷圖譜由金寶公司和國際跛行委員會共同努力開發(fā)完成，代表了首個全球蹄趾病變診斷共識、命名管理和記錄保存方式。通過采用全球已知的術語，可很容易地對各種病變的流行率和經(jīng)濟影響進行追蹤和評估。
Proper Identification is Critical 正確鑒別非常關鍵
Dairy claw lesions are organized into two categories: infectious and non-infectious. Effective claw lesion management starts by evaluating which category is most prevalent in a particular herd. Since corrective action plans must be appropriate for the category of lesion present, proper lesion identification is critical. 奶牛蹄趾病變可分為兩種類型：傳染性和非傳染性。高效的蹄趾病變管理首先要評估某一特定牛群哪種蹄趾病變發(fā)病率最高。由于糾正措施方案必須與病變類型相符，因此正確鑒別病變非常關鍵。
Single-letter Abbreviation, Global Application 單字母縮寫，全球應用
The Dairy Claw Lesion Identification Poster features the use of a consistent, single-letter abbreviation for each lesion. Historically, the two most common lesion identification systems (AABP and ABC) are based on two letter abbreviations; however, dairy record keeping practices function more effectively with a single letter due to program character space constraints. With the single letter abbreviation system, lesion prevalence can be more accurately tracked and assessed worldwide by using a common letter for each lesion abbreviation. 奶牛蹄趾病變診斷圖譜的特點是為每個病變使用全球一致的單字母縮寫。歷史上，兩個最常用的病變鑒別系統(tǒng)（AABP和ABC）以雙字母縮寫為基礎，但由于程序字符空間的限制，奶牛記錄保存方式以單字母縮寫可運轉得更為有效。使用單字母縮寫系統(tǒng)，可更加準確地追溯病變流行情況并評估全球的發(fā)病率，通過使用每個病變的常用字母縮寫。
Lesion Identification Guide 病變鑒別指南
For more information about dairy claw lesion identification, request your free copy of the First Step® Dairy Claw Lesion Identification Guide. It features close-up color photographs, detailed descriptions, claw zones and single letter abbreviations for the 14 most common non-infectious and infectious claw lesions. 與了解更多關于奶牛蹄趾病變鑒別的信息，可免費索取First Step®奶牛蹄趾病變鑒別指南，該指南附有精美的彩色圖片、詳細描述、蹄趾區(qū)域和14個最常見傳染性和非傳染性蹄趾病變的單字母縮寫。
We skip the most common claw lesions
The Role of Trace Minerals in Dairy Hoof Health 微量元素在奶牛蹄部健康中的作用
Trace mineral nutrition plays a critical role in building and maintaining strong, healthy feet. For example, zinc and copper are essential nutrients for developing healthy claw horn tissue, while zinc and manganese play a crucial role in wound healing. Research has shown that feeding a combination of trace minerals (Zn, Mn, Cu and Co) in a highly available complexed form helps decrease both the incidence and severity of common claw lesions. 微量元素營養(yǎng)在構建和保持強壯健康蹄子中起到了關鍵作用。例如鋅和銅是健康蹄趾角質(zhì)組織的必需營養(yǎng)素，同時鋅和錳在外傷康復中起到了關鍵作用。有研究表明飼喂多種微量元素（鋅、錳、銅和鈷）高效復合制劑有助于降低蹄趾病變的發(fā)生率和嚴重程度。
http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/hoof-trimming
http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/hoof-trimming
Dairy Cattle Hoof Trimming 奶牛修蹄
The reason cows become lame can be quite complex, as many of the factors are interrelated. However, the main reason cows become lame is most often related to cows walking on hooves (claws) with a compromised or unbalanced weight bearing surface. 奶牛跛行的原因非常復雜，因為多種因素會相互影響。但是，奶牛跛行的主要原因在于蹄部（蹄趾）行走時負重表面受損或不平衡。
Overloading the cow’s claw due to excessive wear or overgrowth can create a claw that is sensitive, unstable and more prone to lameness. Therefore, cows’ feet need to be checked and trimmed for two reasons: 由于過度磨損或過度生長，奶牛負重過度的一趾會變得敏感、不牢固，且更容易發(fā)生跛行。因此，基于以下兩點原因，奶牛蹄部需要定期檢查和修蹄：
• Restoration of appropriate weight bearing within and between the claws of each foot
• Early identification of claw lesions1 恢復每個蹄子不同蹄趾的負重平衡；
2 早期鑒別蹄趾病變。It is important to note that not all cows examined will require trimming, as over-trimming can result in greater incidence of lameness. 注意并非所有經(jīng)過檢查的奶牛都需要修蹄，因為過度修蹄會導致更高的跛行發(fā)生率。
Four-Step Hoof Trimming Technique 四步修蹄技術
Proper claw trimming forms the foundation of a comprehensive foot health program. By recognizing certain claw trimming fundamentals, one can help reduce the risk of lameness caused by claw trimming miscues. 正確修蹄是全面蹄部健康計劃的基礎。了解修蹄的基本方法，可降低因修蹄不當導致跛行的風險。
Following is an overview of the four-step functional claw trimming procedure, which is a slight modification of the original Dutch three-step procedure developed by E. Toussaint Raven. Each and every foot of the cow should be approached under this four-step process during claw evaluations to avoid over-trimming. This functional trimming process can be used to treat claw lesions. It is highly recommended that all claw trimming done on a dairy be conducted
only by trained personnel.
下面是四步修蹄法的基本步驟，四步修蹄法以荷蘭E. Toussaint Raven創(chuàng)建的三步修蹄法稍作改進而來。在評估蹄趾時，奶牛的每個蹄子都應遵循該四步進行，以免修蹄過度。這種功能性修蹄過程可用于治療蹄趾病變。強烈建議所有奶牛修蹄均由經(jīng)過培訓的技術人員進行。
http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/first-step-team
http://www.zinpro.com/lameness/dairy/first-step-team
First Step® Team First Step®團隊
The First Step® Dairy Lameness Assessment and Prevention program was created by Zinpro Corporation and Dr. Nigel Cook, clinical associate professor in the food animal production medicine section of the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine First Step®奶牛跛行評估與預防項目由Zinpro集團和Nigel Cook博士發(fā)起，Nigel Cook博士是威斯康辛州立大學麥迪遜分校獸醫(yī)學院臨床副教授食品動物生產(chǎn)藥物專業(yè)的臨床副教授。
About Dr. Nigel Cook
Dr. Nigel CookDr. Cook qualified as a veterinarian in 1992. He worked in a large food animal clinic in Southern England for four years before moving to the Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, where he spent three years as a lecturer and head of the Large Animal Ambulatory Clinic.
Since 1999, he has taught veterinary students in Wisconsin and developed research related to the influence of the environment on hoof and udder health. In his position, he also provides a milk quality, lameness and facility troubleshooting service to farmers. He is the current section head of the Food Animal Production Medicine Group and chair of the AABP Bovine Lameness Committee.Nigel Cook博士簡介
Nigel Cook博士于1992年取得獸醫(yī)從業(yè)資格，在英格蘭南部一家大型食品動物診所工作了4年，然后在進入位于赫特福德郡的英國皇家獸醫(yī)學院，在那里當了3年的講師和一家大型動物門診診所的負責人。
1999年，開始在威斯康辛州教授獸醫(yī)專業(yè)學生，并開展關于歡迎對奶牛蹄部和乳房健康影響的研究。與此同時，他還向奶牛場提供乳質(zhì)、跛行和設備故障排除方面的服務。目前，任食品動物生產(chǎn)醫(yī)藥集團負責人和AABP牛跛行委員會主席。About Zinpro Corporation Dairy Lameness Experts
Dr. Mike Socha, Regional RNS Manager – North America, Zinpro Corporation
Dr. Mike Socha, Regional RNS Manager – North America, Zinpro CorporationDr. Socha received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in dairy science at the University of Wisconsin and his doctorate degree in animal and dairy sciences from the University of New Hampshire. His doctoral research focused on determining methionine requirements of lactating dairy cows, while his master’s thesis analyzed the effect of feeding heated soybeans to early lactation cows on milk production, composition and fatty acid composition.
Prior to joining Zinpro, Dr. Socha was manager of dairy research and development for a major Midwest-based feed cooperative. His duties at Zinpro Corporation include overseeing the Research and Nutritional Services team in North America (ruminant and non-ruminant), as well as product development research.金寶公司奶牛跛行治療專家簡介
Mike Socha博士，金寶公司北美地區(qū)RNS經(jīng)理
Mike Socha博士在威斯康辛州立大學獲得奶牛科學學士和碩士學位，在新罕布夏大學獲得動物與奶牛科學博士學位。他的博士學位研究是測定泌乳奶牛的蛋氨酸需求，他的碩士學位論文是分析飼喂加熱大豆對早期泌乳奶牛產(chǎn)奶量、乳成分和脂肪酸含量的影響。
在加入金寶公司之前，Socha博士在一家位于美國中西部地區(qū)的大型飼料企業(yè)任奶業(yè)研發(fā)經(jīng)理。他在金寶公司負責監(jiān)管金寶公司北美地區(qū)（反芻動物與非反芻動物）研發(fā)與營養(yǎng)服務團隊，以及產(chǎn)品研發(fā)。Dr. Dana Tomlinson, Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Corporation
Dr. Dana Tomlinson, Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Corporation Dr. Tomlinson earned his bachelor’s degree in dairy science at Ohio State University and both his master’s degree in dairy science, nutrition and management, and doctorate degree in animal science, ruminant nutrition and management at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Before joining Zinpro, Dr. Tomlinson was a dairy nutrition and management consultant with a major national feed manufacturer, specializing in technical sales support, feed product and program development, dairy business development and technical training. His duties at Zinpro Corporation include providing technical services and support for dairy to the North American and International sales teams, as well as overseeing dairy research projects.Dana Tomlinson博士，金寶公司研究營養(yǎng)學家
Dana Tomlinson博士在俄亥俄州立大學獲得奶牛科學學士學位，在弗吉尼亞理工大學獲得奶牛科學、營養(yǎng)與管理碩士學位和動物科學、反芻動物營養(yǎng)與管理博士學位。
在加入金寶公司之前，Tomlinson博士一家大型國有飼料廠任奶牛營養(yǎng)與管理顧問，專精于技術銷售支持、飼料產(chǎn)品與程序研發(fā)、奶牛業(yè)務拓展與技術培訓。他在金寶公司負責為北美和全球的銷售團隊提供奶牛技術服務與支持，以及監(jiān)管奶牛研發(fā)項目。Dr. Daryl Kleinschmit, Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Corporation
Dr. Daryl Kleinschmit, Research Nutritionist, Zinpro CorporationDr. Kleinschmit earned his bachelor’s degree in animal science from the University of Nebraska and a master’s degree in animal science from the University of Delaware. His master’s thesis focused on the evaluation of Lactobacillus buchneri in the preservation of fermented feeds, particularly in corn silage. He earned his doctorate degree in animal science from South Dakota State University. His doctoral dissertation pertained to the utilization of amino acids by dairy cattle fed rations containing high levels of distillers grains.
Prior to joining Zinpro, Dr. Kleinschmit spent more than seven years working in dairy nutrition, conducting research, consulting and providing technical service. His duties at Zinpro Corporation include providing technical services and support for dairy to the North American and International sales teams, as well as overseeing dairy research projects.Daryl Kleinschmit博士，金寶公司研究營養(yǎng)學家
Daryl Kleinschmit博士在內(nèi)布拉斯加州立大學獲得動物科學學士學位，在特拉華州立大學獲得碩士學位。其碩士學位論文是布氏乳桿菌在發(fā)酵飼料（尤其是玉米青貯飼料）保存中作用的評估。他從南達科他州立大學獲得了動物科學博士學位，其博士論文探討了飼喂奶牛含高水平DDGS日糧對氨基酸的利用。
在加入金寶公司之前，Kleinschmit博士從事了7年多的奶牛營養(yǎng)工作，致力于研發(fā)、咨詢和提供技術服務。他在金寶公司負責為北美和全球的銷售團隊提供奶牛技術服務與支持，以及監(jiān)管奶牛研發(fā)項目。Dr. Christof Rapp, Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Animal Nutrition (Europe)
Dr. Christof Rapp, Research Nutritionist, Zinpro Animal Nutrition (Europe)Dr. Rapp earned his Dr. Sc. Agr. (equivalent to a doctorate) from Hohenheim University, Germany. He joined Zinpro as a research nutritionist in 1999 and works from the European office in Boxmeer.
His primary responsibilities include conducting research on animal performance, providing technical support to Zinpro customers and troubleshooting trace mineral nutrition related problems.Christof Rapp博士，金寶公司營養(yǎng)公司（歐洲）研究營養(yǎng)學家，
Christof Rapp博士在德國霍恩海姆大學獲得農(nóng)業(yè)科學博士學位（等同于博士學位）。他于1999年加入金寶公司擔任研究營養(yǎng)學家，在位于荷蘭博克斯梅爾的歐洲辦公室工作。
他的主要職責包括開展動物生產(chǎn)性能方面的研究，向金寶公司的客戶提供技術支持，以及解決微量元素營養(yǎng)方面的問題。Additional First Step® Program Contributors
Additional dairy industry experts who contributed to the First Step® program include:
• Tom Bennett (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
•Dr. Steven Berry (University of California-Davis)
•Dr. Mike Brouk (Kansas State University)
•Karl Burgi (Dairyland Hoof Care Institute, Inc.)
•Dr. Adrian Gonzales (ANKA Hoof Care & Training)
•Dr. Ken Nordlund (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
•Dr. Garrett Oetzel (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
•Dr. John Smith (Kansas State University)
•Dr. Helwi Tacoma (Intelact, LTD)First Step®項目其他專家：
為First Step®項目做出貢獻的其他奶牛專家包括：
Tom Bennett（威斯康辛州立大學麥迪遜分校）
Steven Berry（加利福尼亞州立大學戴維斯分校）
Mike Brouk博士（堪薩斯州立大學）
Karl Burgi（Dairyland蹄部護理研究所）
Adrian Gonzales博士（ANKA蹄部護理與培訓公司）
Ken Nordlund博士（威斯康辛州立大學麥迪遜分校）
Garrett Oetzel博士（威斯康辛州立大學麥迪遜分校）
John Smith（堪薩斯州立大學）
Helwi Tacoma（Intelact有限公司）
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