文章轉載自 環球時報英文版

別再害怕被人喚作“自戀狂”，因為適度自戀，確實好處多多。

英國貝爾法斯特女王大學的研究者最新發表的研究成果表明，具有自戀特質的人，更有可能內心強大，更能承受壓力，也不易罹患抑郁。

圖 via VCG

據這項研究的主要作者，貝爾法斯特女王大學心理學助理教授科斯塔斯·帕帕喬吉歐（Kostas Papageorgiou）介紹，自戀具有兩種表現形式：浮夸和脆弱。

"Narcissism is part of the 'Dark Tetrad' of personality that also includes Machiavellianism, Psychopathy and Sadism. There are two main dimensions to narcissism - grandiose and vulnerable," said study researcher Kostas Papageorgiou.

研究者科斯塔斯·帕帕喬吉歐說道，“自戀是人格特征‘黑暗四人格’的一部分，其他還包括馬基雅維利主義（追求權術）、精神變態和虐待狂。自戀主要有兩種表現形式——浮夸型自戀和脆弱型自戀。”

"Vulnerable narcissists are likely to be more defensive and view the behaviour of others as hostile whereas grandiose narcissists usually have an over inflated sense of importance and a preoccupation with status and power."

“脆弱型自戀者更傾向于自我防衛，認為別人的行為充滿敵意，而浮夸型自戀者通常過分夸大自己的重要性，并專注于地位和權力。”

▲Be proud of yourself: Narcissistic people less likely to deal with depression (via The Economic Times)

而研究者發現，自戀的益處主要是具有浮夸型自戀特質的研究對象表現出來的。

People with "grandiose" narcissism -- defined in the dictionary as "pompous superiority or pretentiousness" may achieve mental toughness, a form of resilience that could be protective, said lead author Kostas Papageorgiou, an assistant professor of psychology at Queen's University in Belfast.

研究報告的主要作者、貝爾法斯特女王大學的心理學助理教授科斯塔斯·帕帕喬吉歐說，“浮夸型”自戀在字典里的定義是“浮夸的優越感或自命不凡”，具有這種自戀的人可能具有心理韌性，這種彈性可以發揮保護（人們）的作用。

They gain this mental toughness by overcoming the challenges they face as they attempt to "gain access to the resources that they think they deserve," he said.

當他們試圖“獲得他們認為自己應得的資源”時，通過克服他們所面臨的挑戰，獲得了這種精神上的堅韌，他說道。

"Our work suggests that, at least some aspects of narcissism, may help individuals to show resilience against certain types of psychopathology, namely, symptoms of depression and perceived stress," Papageorgiou said.

“我們的研究表明，至少自戀的某些方面，可以幫助人們對某些類型的精神病理，即抑郁癥狀和感知到的壓力，表現出彈性，”帕帕喬吉歐說道。

▲Narcissists may be protected against depression and stress, says study. But at what cost? (via CNN)

It also found that people who score high on grandiose narcissism have lower levels of perceived stress and are therefore less likely to view their life as stressful.

研究還發現，浮夸自戀程度高的人感受到的壓力較小，因此不太可能認為自己的生活有壓力。

▲Be proud of yourself: Narcissistic people less likely to deal with depression (via The Economic Times)

圖 via VCG

這項研究包括了三項獨立的研究，每項研究都調查了超過700名成年人。而我們每個人都或多或少有些自戀，不過，專家指出，當自戀達到一定程度，成為自戀型人格障礙時，就會有不少消極的影響。

True narcissistic personality disorder, or NPD, affects about 1% of the population. It's a mental condition characterized by an insatiable hunger to be the center of attention.

真正的自戀型人格障礙影響著1%的人群。這是一種精神疾病，其特征是永不滿足地渴望成為關注的焦點。

Diagnosed narcissists often feel entitled, expect to be recognized as superior even if they're not, need constant, excessive admiration, and have an inflated sense of self importance. They can also become stressed or depressed if they are not treated in the manner they believe they deserve.

被診斷為自戀型人格障礙的人通常會覺得自己有權利，即使他們不是，也希望被認為是優越的，需要持續的、過度的贊美，并有一種膨脹的自我重要性。如果他們沒有得到他們認為應得的對待，他們也會變得緊張或沮喪。

Narcissists exaggerate their own achievements and talents and can become impatient or angry and lash out at others due to difficulty controlling their emotions and behavior.

自戀者夸大自己的成就和才能，由于難以控制自己的情緒和行為，他們會變得不耐煩或憤怒，并對他人橫加指責。

A key element of narcissism, say experts, is a lack of empathy -- an inability or unwillingness to recognize the needs and feelings of others.

專家說，自戀的一個關鍵因素是缺乏同理心，即不能或不愿意承認他人的需求和感受。

▲Narcissists may be protected against depression and stress, says study. But at what cost? (via CNN)

圖 via VCG

此外，還有研究表明，如今的年輕一代比過去的年輕人更自戀。

Studies seem to show narcissism is on the rise in younger people. A 2008 study found college students in 2006 were 30% more narcissistic than those in 1982.

研究似乎表明，自戀在年輕人中呈上升趨勢。2008年的一項研究發現，2006年的大學生比1982年的大學生自戀程度高30%。

Millennials themselves agree they are more narcissistic than previous generations, according to research. They see the behavior as a sign of "individualism," a trait they highly value.

研究顯示，千禧一代自己也認為他們比前幾代人更自戀。他們認為這是“個人主義”的標志，是他們高度重視的一種品質。

▲Narcissists may be protected against depression and stress, says study. But at what cost? (via CNN)

 

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