2019年5月16日，華裔建筑大師貝聿銘（I.M. Pei）去世，享年102歲。

World-renowned architect Ieoh Ming Pei, commonly known as I.M. Pei, has died at the age of 102 at his home in Manhattan, according to multiple reports on Thursday.

據(jù)多家媒體16日報(bào)道，世界著名建筑師貝聿銘于曼哈頓家中去世，享年102歲。

貝聿銘和他設(shè)計(jì)的盧浮宮前的玻璃金字塔 圖片來源：NPR

After the news broke, many of Pei's admirers took to Twitter to express regret and to tweet pictures of beloved Pei buildings.

這條新聞爆出后，不少貝聿銘的追隨者都在國外社交媒體上表達(dá)他們的痛惜之情，貼出他們最喜歡的貝聿銘的作品。

他的作品享譽(yù)世界。他曾經(jīng)登上《時(shí)代》雜志封面，也曾出現(xiàn)在美國總統(tǒng)肯尼迪、法國總統(tǒng)密特朗、首次訪美的鄧小平身旁。

貝聿銘花了一個(gè)世紀(jì)的時(shí)間，把自己設(shè)計(jì)的建筑種在4個(gè)大洲、10個(gè)國家的土地上。

《今日美國》發(fā)表文章稱，他的作品改變了世界的各地的城市，受到無數(shù)建筑師的追捧（his work transformed cities around the world and was widely celebrated by fellow architects）。

美國全國廣播公司寫道：

Crowds around the world flow through the buildings designed by architect I.M. Pei; in Paris, they stream into the Louvre's Pyramid entrance. In Cleveland, they wander through the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. And in Hong Kong, they travel up and down the soaring Bank of China Tower.

世界各地的人群都穿梭于貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的建筑之中。在巴黎，他們涌入盧浮宮金字塔形的入口。在克利夫蘭，他們漫步在搖滾名人堂。在中國香港，他們上下徘徊于高聳入云的中國銀行大廈。

貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的德國歷史博物館 圖片來源：Andreas Levers\Flickr

然而，他的建筑卻并非從一開始就受眾人追捧。

曾備受爭議，時(shí)間為他正名

值得一提的是，貝聿銘是歷史上首個(gè)參與盧浮宮建設(shè)的外國建筑師。

但這個(gè)玻璃型金字塔卻沒有在剛誕生時(shí)贏得滿堂彩。

Pei was the first foreign architect to work on the Louvre in its long history, and initially his designs were fiercely opposed. But in the end, the French — and everyone else — were won over.

貝聿銘是在盧浮宮的悠長歷史上首個(gè)參與其建設(shè)的外國人，他的設(shè)計(jì)起先保守爭議，但是后來他的設(shè)計(jì)征服了法國人，當(dāng)然還有全世界。

圖片來源：Mike Ault/Flickr

當(dāng)1988年，他的作品首次面世，反響并不熱烈（not well received）。

貝聿銘曾在采訪中提及此事：

"I would say the first year and a half was really hell," the architect said in a PBS documentary. "I couldn't walk the streets of Paris without people walking looking at me and saying, There you go again. What are you doing here? What are you doing to us? What are you doing to our great Louvre?"

“不得不說剛開始的一年半簡直是煎熬，”貝聿銘在美國公共廣播公司的紀(jì)錄片中說道。“我走在巴黎的大街上，大家都會(huì)看著我說，你又來了。你怎么還有臉在這兒呢？看看你對(duì)我們做了什么，對(duì)我們偉大的盧浮宮做了什么。”

隨著時(shí)間的推移，人們深深地感到了這個(gè)玻璃建筑的動(dòng)人之處：

Two decades passed and, in 2009, NPR's Susan Stamberg paid a visit to the Pyramid. Henri Loyrette, the Louvre's director at the time, called it a masterpiece.

20年過去了，2009年，NPR記者Susan Stamberg造訪了盧浮宮玻璃金字塔，時(shí)任盧浮宮博物館館長的Henri Loyrette將其稱為杰作。

He said that when you ask visitors why they are at the Louvre, they generally give three answers: for the Mona Lisa, for the Venus de Milo and for the Pyramid. It was not the first time shock has given way to admiration in architecture.

他說，如果問起游客為何來盧浮宮，他們一般都會(huì)給你三個(gè)答案：看蒙娜麗莎、看維納斯像、看玻璃金字塔。在建筑史上，這已經(jīng)不是第一次震驚給驚艷讓路了。

外媒不吝贊美：謙遜而勤勉

貝聿銘出生在中國，為他做傳記的Carter Wiseman表示，中國傳統(tǒng)建筑對(duì)貝聿銘?yīng)殬湟粠玫脑O(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的蘇州博物館 圖片來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)

▌深受中國建筑影響

He grew up in a house where gardens and airy pavilions merged with the landscape. Pei biographer Carter Wiseman says that the natural world deeply influenced Pei.

在貝聿銘長大的房子里，那里的園林和亭臺(tái)與風(fēng)景融為一體。貝聿銘傳記的作者Carter Wiseman表示，自然世界深深影響著貝聿銘。

"Having come from China, where he was exposed to garden architecture, he had a very different concept of time," Wiseman explains. "He was interested in the sculptural properties of rocks. There was an affinity for nature and for history that most Americans do not get, no matter how hard we try."

“貝聿銘來自中國，在園林建筑的影響下，他對(duì)時(shí)間有著非同尋常的概念。”Wiseman解釋說。“他對(duì)巖石的雕塑般的屬性非常感興趣。貝聿銘的設(shè)計(jì)理念對(duì)自然和歷史都有一種親近感，這是眾多美國設(shè)計(jì)師求而不得的。”

貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的香港的中國銀行大廈 Philippe Lopez/AFP/Getty Images

Wiseman曾寫道，貝聿銘曾獲得過所有重要的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)（every award of any consequence），還曾在1992年獲得過總統(tǒng)自由勛章（Presidential Medal of Freedom）。

但是貝聿銘卻對(duì)這些榮譽(yù)始終保持著謙遜的態(tài)度。

據(jù)NPR報(bào)道，貝聿銘曾站在他設(shè)計(jì)的美國國家美術(shù)館東館前表示，這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)“還好。”（I think it's all right）。

美國國家美術(shù)館東館 Getty Images

Standing before one of his greatest creations, Pei was his usual diffident self. “I think it's all right,” he told a reporter as he surveyed the sharply angular forms of the East Building of the National Gallery of Art in Washington in 2003.

站在他最偉大的設(shè)計(jì)之一面前，貝聿銘還是一如既往地謙虛。2003年，貝聿銘在查看美國國家美術(shù)館東館的角形結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)對(duì)記者說：“我覺得還好。”

diffident ['dɪfɪd(ə)nt] adj. 羞怯的；缺乏自信的

作者寫到這里就非常不淡定了……

Just “all right?” Not one of the 10 best buildings in the USA, as it was voted in a 1986 poll of American architects conducted by American Institute of Architects? Not one of the most recognized buildings anywhere? Not an “architectural hallelujah,” as a gallery trustee declared on its 25th anniversary in 2003?

僅僅是“還好？”這難道不是1986年美國建筑師評(píng)出來的全美十佳建筑之一？這難道不是全球最受認(rèn)可的建筑之一？難道不是2003年美術(shù)館受托人在其25周年時(shí)評(píng)價(jià)的“建筑界頌歌？”

約翰·肯尼迪圖書館 Getty Images

謙遜而不露鋒芒是貝聿銘抹不掉的品質(zhì)。他表示，25年還不足以評(píng)價(jià)建筑的優(yōu)劣：

“But 25 years is not enough time to make a judgment,” Pei told The Washington Post on that occasion. “Architecture is stones and brick, concrete and steel. Architecture has to endure.”

“25年還不足以做評(píng)論，”貝聿銘在美國國家美術(shù)館25周年時(shí)對(duì)《華盛頓郵報(bào)》說道。“建筑就是磚石、水泥和鋼筋。它必須能經(jīng)受時(shí)間考驗(yàn)。”

除了謙遜，外媒注意到他另一個(gè)作為華人建筑師的美德：勤奮努力。

貝聿銘一直到90多歲了仍在工作：

He was working almost to his 90s: Even though he cut back a bit in the 1990s, he continued to put in hours at his New York firm and at the offices of his two sons, Pei Partnership Architects.

他90多歲了還在工作。雖然可能上世紀(jì)90年代后放緩了一些，但他仍然還是會(huì)在他紐約的公司和兩個(gè)兒子貝氏建筑事務(wù)所的辦公室里待上數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)。

貝聿銘說，自己要“慢慢地退休”，不要突然地停下工作。

“I’m retiring slowly,” Pei told a reporter for The Philadelphia Inquirer in 1994. “It’s best not to retire abruptly as long as one has health and can continue to work.”

1994年，貝聿銘告訴《費(fèi)城問詢者報(bào)》的記者說，“我正在慢慢地退休，只要我健康，還能工作，就最好不要突然退休。”

《今日美國》在評(píng)價(jià)這位藝術(shù)家的時(shí)候，更是不吝惜贊美之詞：

Hard-working, energetic, genuinely humble, exceedingly charming: These are not always the attributes of great artists, but they were often used by multiple colleagues, rivals and critics, who hailed Pei in his lifetime as a world-class architect — and a most endearing man.

勤奮努力、精力充沛、由衷地謙遜又極其迷人：不是所有的偉大藝術(shù)家都擁有這些特質(zhì)，但是貝聿銘的同事、對(duì)手和評(píng)論家都會(huì)用這些詞來形容他，并認(rèn)為，貝聿銘是一位世界級(jí)建筑大師，同時(shí)又是一個(gè)最可愛的人。

大師雖已遠(yuǎn)去，但他的名字卻已經(jīng)成為超越時(shí)代的存在。

像網(wǎng)友說的那樣：“您設(shè)計(jì)的建筑在，您就還在。”

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